習近平(ping)總書記在中共中央政治局第三十(shi)六次(ci)集體學習時指出，要推進(jin)先(xian)進(jin)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)技術(shu)規模(mo)化(hua)應(ying)用。近年來，我國高度(du)重視儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)技術(shu)與(yu)產業(ye)發(fa)展，先(xian)后出臺一系列政策(ce)措(cuo)施。截(jie)至目前(qian)，全國已有近30個(ge)省(sheng)份出臺了“十(shi)四五”新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)規劃或新(xin)能(neng)源配(pei)置(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)文件，大力(li)發(fa)展“新(xin)能(neng)源+儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)”。但新(xin)能(neng)源配(pei)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)存在利用率(lv)不高、成(cheng)本難以消化(hua)、分(fen)散方式難發(fa)揮(hui)有效作用、配(pei)置(zhi)的合理性及規模(mo)缺乏科(ke)學論證(zheng)等問題。
新能源(yuan)配儲能發(fa)展現(xian)狀
截至2021年底(di)，全(quan)國(guo)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)裝機規模達(da)(da)到4266萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，其中(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)裝機626.8萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，同比(bi)增長56.4%;新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)中(zhong)(zhong)90%為電(dian)化(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)。截至2021年底(di)，電(dian)源(yuan)側(ce)、用(yong)戶(hu)側(ce)、電(dian)網側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)裝機占比(bi)分別(bie)為49.7%、27.4%和22.9%，電(dian)源(yuan)側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)接近裝機的(de)(de)一半。各省規劃的(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)發(fa)展目(mu)(mu)標合計超過6000萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，是(shi)國(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)局《關于加快推動新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)發(fa)展的(de)(de)指(zhi)導意(yi)見》文(wen)件中(zhong)(zhong)提出的(de)(de)2025年達(da)(da)到3000萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)目(mu)(mu)標的(de)(de)兩倍。其中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)源(yuan)側(ce)配儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)是(shi)各個省份重點(dian)支持(chi)方向(xiang)，近期逐步加大(da)了獨立儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)發(fa)展要求。
為充分了解儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行情(qing)況(kuang)，中電(dian)聯對電(dian)網公司、發電(dian)集團等單位(wei)所(suo)屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)進行了專(zhuan)項調研(yan)(yan)。本次共調研(yan)(yan)電(dian)化學儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)項目208個，合計容量215萬千(qian)瓦(wa)，占全(quan)國(guo)電(dian)化學儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝機的(de)(de)(de)(de)近40%。其中，調研(yan)(yan)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源配(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝機105萬千(qian)瓦(wa)，占全(quan)國(guo)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源配(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)裝機的(de)(de)(de)(de)2/3，具有代(dai)表性(xing)。調研(yan)(yan)結果表明：
從不同應用場景儲能(neng)項(xiang)目配(pei)置時長看，調研機組儲能(neng)平均時長為(wei)2小(xiao)時，新能(neng)源(yuan)儲能(neng)配(pei)置時長為(wei)1.6小(xiao)時，火電廠配(pei)儲能(neng)為(wei)0.6小(xiao)時，電網儲能(neng)為(wei)2.3小(xiao)時、用戶儲能(neng)為(wei)5.3小(xiao)時，基(ji)本反映了各應用場景的技術(shu)需求和(he)特性。
從各(ge)區(qu)域(yu)儲(chu)能應(ying)用場景分布看，華北、西北區(qu)域(yu)以新能源配(pei)儲(chu)能為主，華東區(qu)域(yu)新能源配(pei)儲(chu)能、電網側儲(chu)能與用戶側儲(chu)能應(ying)用分布較為均衡(heng)，南方區(qu)域(yu)以火電廠配(pei)儲(chu)能為主。
從儲能(neng)運行策略看，新能(neng)源配(pei)儲棄電期間一(yi)天至多(duo)“一(yi)充一(yi)放”運行，個別項目(mu)存在僅部分儲能(neng)單元被調用、甚至基本不調用的情況。
從儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)等效利用(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)看，調研電化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)項目平(ping)均(jun)等效利用(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)12.2%，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)僅為(wei)(wei)6.1%，火(huo)電廠(chang)配(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)15.3%，電網儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)14.8%，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)28.3%。相對而言(yan)，華北(bei)、西北(bei)區域的新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)等效利用(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)高(gao)于其他區域。
從(cong)儲(chu)(chu)能項目(mu)(mu)造價和商(shang)業模式(shi)看(kan)(kan)，儲(chu)(chu)能項目(mu)(mu)造價大多(duo)在1500～3000元/千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)之(zhi)間，項目(mu)(mu)間由于邊界條件不(bu)(bu)同造價差(cha)異(yi)較大。新(xin)能源配置儲(chu)(chu)能具(ju)有平抑新(xin)能源輸(shu)出功率波動、提升新(xin)能源消納量(liang)、降低發電(dian)(dian)計劃偏差(cha)、提升電(dian)(dian)網安全運行穩定性(xing)(xing)、緩解(jie)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)阻塞等作(zuo)用，在能量(liang)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)、輔助(zhu)服務市(shi)(shi)場(chang)、容量(liang)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)中具(ju)有多(duo)元價值，商(shang)業模式(shi)不(bu)(bu)盡相(xiang)同，地區差(cha)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)較大。但從(cong)實際情況看(kan)(kan)，大部分儲(chu)(chu)能項目(mu)(mu)的盈(ying)利水平不(bu)(bu)高。
新能源配(pei)儲能存在(zai)的主要問題
一(yi)是新能源(yuan)配儲(chu)能利(li)用率低。
新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)多(duo)種儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方式(shi)中(zhong)的一種，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻次、等(deng)效(xiao)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)系數(shu)(shu)、利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)低于火電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、電(dian)(dian)網儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。從調(diao)(diao)(diao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻次來看(kan)，目前，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)的儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)一般是(shi)在有棄電(dian)(dian)時(shi)段進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)放運(yun)行(xing)，至多(duo)“一充(chong)(chong)一放”運(yun)行(xing)，部(bu)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)域配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)的電(dian)(dian)化學儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)基本未(wei)調(diao)(diao)(diao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。電(dian)(dian)網側(ce)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)側(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)的儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“兩充(chong)(chong)兩放”運(yun)行(xing)模式(shi)，火儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)頻由(you)于受(shou)AGC調(diao)(diao)(diao)度指令響應(ying)，儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻繁(fan);從等(deng)效(xiao)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)系數(shu)(shu)來看(kan)，2022年第一季度新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、火儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、電(dian)(dian)網側(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)側(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)等(deng)效(xiao)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)系數(shu)(shu)分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)(wei)6.1%、15.3%、14.8%、28.3%。火儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、電(dian)(dian)網側(ce)和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)側(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)日利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小時(shi)分(fen)(fen)別是(shi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小時(shi)的2.5倍、2.4倍、4.6倍，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)側(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)實施利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen);從日充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)等(deng)效(xiao)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)來看(kan)，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、火儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、電(dian)(dian)網側(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)側(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)等(deng)效(xiao)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)(wei)51.1%、344.6%、82.4%、67.1%，說明新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)平均兩日才能(neng)(neng)(neng)實現一次完整的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。
二是新能源配(pei)儲能規模、型(xing)式沒有進(jin)行科學論證。
新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)種(zhong)(zhong)類繁(fan)多(duo)(duo)、功用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一、技術成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟度(du)和經(jing)(jing)濟性差(cha)(cha)(cha)異(yi)(yi)大。多(duo)(duo)地(di)(di)采取“一刀切”式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)，部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)將配(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)為新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)件。考慮到各地(di)(di)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)特(te)性、消納(na)形勢、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統需(xu)求(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，應(ying)(ying)當(dang)詳(xiang)細測算(suan)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)要(yao)性及比例(li)。但已建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)低(di)下，說明(ming)“一刀切”式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)比要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)科(ke)(ke)學，且(qie)缺乏自主調用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商業(ye)模(mo)式與市場(chang)化激勵，對儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)考慮得并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充分(fen)(fen)。例(li)如，部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)要(yao)求(qiu)存量項目開始配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，而根(gen)據修訂(ding)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)GB38755《電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統安全穩定導則》要(yao)求(qiu)，多(duo)(duo)數新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)場(chang)站已完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一次(ci)(ci)調頻(pin)改造，若再按照10%配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)施(shi)完全能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠滿足場(chang)站一次(ci)(ci)調頻(pin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力需(xu)求(qiu)，已經(jing)(jing)開展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一次(ci)(ci)調頻(pin)改造無法(fa)(fa)發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)浪費。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)種(zhong)(zhong)類繁(fan)多(duo)(duo)、功用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一、技術成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟度(du)和經(jing)(jing)濟性差(cha)(cha)(cha)異(yi)(yi)大，總體處(chu)于(yu)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展初期，問題(ti)、需(xu)求(qiu)和目標導向尚(shang)未理清(如新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)側配(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)解(jie)決(jue)消納(na)問題(ti)、還是(shi)解(jie)決(jue)上報的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)(lv)曲線(xian)誤差(cha)(cha)(cha)超標問題(ti)、或(huo)是(shi)解(jie)決(jue)系(xi)統靈活性資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足問題(ti))，“一刀切”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)和管(guan)理方(fang)式不(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)于(yu)新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)展。不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類型配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)(tong)等儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)缺乏科(ke)(ke)學性，光伏、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)同(tong)(tong)屬(shu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，但由于(yu)其(qi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，同(tong)(tong)要(yao)求(qiu)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)經(jing)(jing)濟性、利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)方(fang)面具有較多(duo)(duo)差(cha)(cha)(cha)異(yi)(yi)性，同(tong)(tong)質(zhi)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)要(yao)求(qiu)缺乏科(ke)(ke)學性;分(fen)(fen)散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式無法(fa)(fa)體現規模(mo)效(xiao)益，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)主要(yao)跟隨新(xin)建項目，采取分(fen)(fen)散模(mo)式。由于(yu)建設(she)單位為了搶占資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，更關注項目能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)否通過并(bing)網驗收(shou)，配(pei)(pei)(pei)建儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果放在(zai)(zai)其(qi)次(ci)(ci)，儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)量參差(cha)(cha)(cha)不(bu)(bu)(bu)齊、管(guan)理使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)模(mo)式也千差(cha)(cha)(cha)萬別，再疊加調用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)次(ci)(ci)數少，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)低(di)、經(jing)(jing)濟性差(cha)(cha)(cha)。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)單個新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)或(huo)調峰(feng)設(she)施(shi)規模(mo)較小，在(zai)(zai)運營過程(cheng)中難以(yi)產(chan)生規模(mo)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)，出現運營成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)高(gao)、效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)低(di)等問題(ti)。此(ci)外，不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)協調方(fang)面也存在(zai)(zai)障礙，導致(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充分(fen)(fen)，儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)嚴重受限。
三(san)是新型儲能(neng)成本較高(gao)，缺乏疏導渠道。
新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)本(ben)高于火電靈(ling)活(huo)性改造、抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等技術，新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源配儲(chu)(chu)投資(zi)成(cheng)本(ben)無法滿(man)足收(shou)益率要求，投資(zi)回報機(ji)制(zhi)模糊。目前(qian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源電價約在0.3元(yuan)/千瓦(wa)時左右(you)，即(ji)僅僅依靠回收(shou)棄(qi)電，遠(yuan)遠(yuan)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿(man)足收(shou)益率要求。新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)電力系統的效(xiao)用呈(cheng)多樣性，主要受(shou)益方是電力系統全體參與者(zhe)或者(zhe)是用戶，目前(qian)除削峰填谷(含消納(na))和(he)調(diao)(diao)頻外，回報機(ji)制(zhi)大多不清(qing)晰(xi)，且受(shou)政(zheng)策(ce)性影響(xiang)較大。當前(qian)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源配儲(chu)(chu)成(cheng)本(ben)由新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源開發(fa)(fa)企業承擔，并未向下游傳導，疊加鋰離(li)子電池成(cheng)本(ben)上漲，給新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源企業帶(dai)來了較大的經營壓力，影響(xiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源開發(fa)(fa)企業投資(zi)決(jue)策(ce)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源配置的儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)為(wei)電網(wang)提供調(diao)(diao)峰、調(diao)(diao)頻、備用、黑啟(qi)動、需求響(xiang)應支(zhi)撐(cheng)等多種服(fu)務，但在新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源場站內布置，現(xian)行的市場機(ji)制(zhi)難以體現(xian)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的其他價值(zhi)。
四是新型儲能商業模式、電價機制(zhi)有待進(jin)一步完善。
新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源配(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)商業(ye)模(mo)式仍顯單(dan)一。新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源配(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)收益(yi)主(zhu)要(yao)來(lai)源于(yu)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉換與輔助服(fu)(fu)務(wu)，對(dui)于(yu)大(da)部分(fen)新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)經營環(huan)境而言，電(dian)源側(ce)電(dian)價(jia)峰谷(gu)差(cha)并不(bu)顯著，輔助服(fu)(fu)務(wu)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)也不(bu)高，導致儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)收益(yi)難(nan)以保障(zhang);儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)諸多市(shi)場和(he)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)規則仍有(you)待落地(di)(di)。2022年5月24日，國家(jia)發展改革委辦公廳、國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源局綜合(he)司印發的(de)《關于(yu)進(jin)一步推動新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)參與電(dian)力市(shi)場和(he)調(diao)度(du)(du)運用(yong)的(de)通(tong)知》，對(dui)新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)“入市(shi)”后的(de)市(shi)場、價(jia)格(ge)(ge)和(he)運行等機制均作出(chu)了(le)重要(yao)部署，該政策(ce)的(de)出(chu)臺將有(you)效推動新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)市(shi)場化進(jin)程，對(dui)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)產業(ye)及商業(ye)模(mo)式的(de)創新(xin)發展意義(yi)重大(da)。然而，該政策(ce)的(de)落地(di)(di)與實(shi)際(ji)執行仍面臨較多問題，各地(di)(di)在(zai)細化地(di)(di)方方案上(shang)也需因地(di)(di)制宜，政策(ce)變動對(dui)收益(yi)影(ying)響較大(da)。此外，當前(qian)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源配(pei)(pei)(pei)置儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)僅(jin)規定了(le)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置比例(li)等基本參數(shu)，未出(chu)臺配(pei)(pei)(pei)套的(de)具(ju)體使用(yong)和(he)考核(he)辦法;如儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)如何參與調(diao)度(du)(du)、調(diao)度(du)(du)的(de)頻次、充放電(dian)次數(shu)、放電(dian)深(shen)度(du)(du)等方面尚沒有(you)明確(que)的(de)規定等，導致儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統安裝(zhuang)之后使用(yong)的(de)實(shi)際(ji)效果和(he)收益(yi)難(nan)以保證，不(bu)僅(jin)加劇了(le)部分(fen)企業(ye)劣幣驅逐良幣、選擇質量(liang)較差(cha)低(di)廉儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)產品的(de)意向，且強配(pei)(pei)(pei)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)極(ji)少(shao)被調(diao)用(yong)，形成了(le)負反饋的(de)惡性(xing)循(xun)環(huan)。
五是新(xin)型儲(chu)能安全(quan)管理(li)仍需加強。
近年來(lai)，隨著新型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模擴(kuo)大和應用日益廣泛(fan)，其面(mian)臨的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)問題(ti)也愈發嚴峻。據不完全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)統(tong)(tong)計，自2018年起至今，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)球已(yi)發生了40多起儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)爆(bao)炸起火事件，暴露出當前儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)產(chan)品(pin)存在安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)可靠性不足、相關標準規(gui)(gui)(gui)范指導性不強(qiang)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)措(cuo)施落實(shi)不到位、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)預(yu)警及應急機制不健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)等問題(ti)。可以(yi)說，安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)問題(ti)是新型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模化(hua)健(jian)康穩定發展的(de)關鍵影響因素之(zhi)一(yi)。在高(gao)成本壓(ya)力下，部分(fen)項(xiang)目選擇了性能(neng)(neng)較(jiao)差、投(tou)資(zi)成本較(jiao)低(di)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)產(chan)品(pin)，增加(jia)了安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)本身的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)性和作為(wei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)使用時的(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)性，涉及儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜線(xian)束、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)拓撲結構(gou)、預(yu)警監控消防系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、運行(xing)(xing)環境、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)等多個方(fang)面(mian)，涉及對象也包括專業技術操作人(ren)員、儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)本身以(yi)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)運行(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)標準、管(guan)理(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范有待進一(yi)步(bu)提升。
六是新型儲能運維難度(du)大。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯數(shu)(shu)量龐大，儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)項目(mu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)單體(ti)顆(ke)數(shu)(shu)的(de)規模(mo)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)達到萬級(ji)甚(shen)至幾十萬級(ji)，且隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)運(yun)(yun)行時(shi)間的(de)延長，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯性能(neng)(neng)(neng)必然會出(chu)(chu)現或多或少的(de)衰減，但BMS不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)跟隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯性能(neng)(neng)(neng)衰減而實時(shi)更新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯安全指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)，且現有標(biao)(biao)準沒(mei)有明確詳(xiang)(xiang)細的(de)現場(chang)檢測(ce)方法(fa)(fa)。此外，儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)安裝前和運(yun)(yun)行中缺少現場(chang)檢測(ce)設(she)備，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)在(zai)場(chang)站端對(dui)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、模(mo)塊或系統(tong)(tong)進行詳(xiang)(xiang)細的(de)檢測(ce)分(fen)析，導(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)運(yun)(yun)維(wei)人員(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠及時(shi)了解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)運(yun)(yun)行過(guo)程中的(de)詳(xiang)(xiang)細參數(shu)(shu)，只能(neng)(neng)(neng)依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系統(tong)(tong)分(fen)析，維(wei)護難度極大;儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站運(yun)(yun)維(wei)涉及到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣、化(hua)(hua)學、控制(zhi)等(deng)多專業(ye)，對(dui)于現有運(yun)(yun)檢專業(ye)來(lai)說屬于新事(shi)物，當前儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站運(yun)(yun)維(wei)粗放，運(yun)(yun)維(wei)及檢修、調控監控人員(yuan)(yuan)均沒(mei)有相(xiang)應的(de)技術儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)備及檢修運(yun)(yun)維(wei)裝備，大多數(shu)(shu)人員(yuan)(yuan)由新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源場(chang)站抽調，未經(jing)(jing)過(guo)專業(ye)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)技術培訓，對(dui)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)部(bu)分(fen)問題無(wu)法(fa)(fa)及時(shi)解決，導(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)停機脫網(wang)或發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安全事(shi)故(gu)(gu)，運(yun)(yun)檢維(wei)修人員(yuan)(yuan)專業(ye)性有待提升。標(biao)(biao)準更替造成部(bu)分(fen)早(zao)期項目(mu)不(bu)滿足(zu)技術要(yao)(yao)求，部(bu)分(fen)早(zao)期建設(she)的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，在(zai)設(she)計及建設(she)之初，按照(zhao)當時(shi)設(she)計標(biao)(biao)準滿足(zu)要(yao)(yao)求，但隨著相(xiang)關國家標(biao)(biao)準、行業(ye)標(biao)(biao)準的(de)完善，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)大紅門儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站事(shi)故(gu)(gu)以來(lai)，國家、行業(ye)、地方均提出(chu)(chu)了更嚴(yan)格的(de)要(yao)(yao)求，以至部(bu)分(fen)原設(she)計標(biao)(biao)準已(yi)不(bu)滿足(zu)，部(bu)分(fen)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站需要(yao)(yao)進行整改(gai)后(hou)方可投入運(yun)(yun)行。針(zhen)對(dui)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)調度運(yun)(yun)行有待優化(hua)(hua)，一(yi)是(shi)在(zai)部(bu)分(fen)地區，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)夜間不(bu)會給光儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)系統(tong)(tong)下(xia)指(zhi)令放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)輻照(zhao)較好階段(duan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)用于支持晚用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰，只能(neng)(neng)(neng)用于下(xia)午輻照(zhao)較差時(shi)段(duan)，影響(xiang)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)峰谷(gu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價差;二是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)調度尚未形成儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)信息上傳的(de)完整系統(tong)(tong)，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)與現有AGC功率下(xia)達系統(tong)(tong)相(xiang)結合，造成不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效防(fang)止儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)出(chu)(chu)力(li)與AGC下(xia)達出(chu)(chu)力(li)不(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)所導(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)的(de)“兩個細則”考核，出(chu)(chu)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站一(yi)邊為系統(tong)(tong)削峰填(tian)谷(gu)做貢(gong)獻(xian)，一(yi)邊因出(chu)(chu)力(li)曲線無(wu)法(fa)(fa)跟蹤被考核。
有關建議(yi)
優化儲(chu)能配置和調運方式，提升儲(chu)能利用水平(ping)
因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)制宜配(pei)置儲(chu)能規(gui)(gui)模和(he)(he)型(xing)式(shi)。結(jie)合(he)(he)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)新能源消(xiao)納、資源特性、網架(jia)結(jie)構(gou)、負荷特性、電(dian)網安全、電(dian)源結(jie)構(gou)等因(yin)素，具(ju)體分析各地(di)(di)(di)系(xi)統調(diao)頻、調(diao)峰需(xu)求，綜合(he)(he)煤(mei)電(dian)靈活性改造、抽水蓄能建設、電(dian)網調(diao)節能力提升等實際情況，合(he)(he)理確定新能源配(pei)置儲(chu)能的規(gui)(gui)模和(he)(he)型(xing)式(shi)，避(bi)免資源浪費。
逐(zhu)步(bu)擴(kuo)大獨(du)立(li)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)/共(gong)享(xiang)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)比例。借鑒(jian)發展抽蓄模(mo)式(shi)來發展新(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，逐(zhu)步(bu)擴(kuo)大獨(du)立(li)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)/共(gong)享(xiang)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)比例。從優(you)化(hua)電力系(xi)統運行、提高(gao)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設施(shi)利(li)用率、支(zhi)撐新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)占比逐(zhu)步(bu)提高(gao)等角度出發，統籌區域內(nei)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)項目(mu)、電網安全運行要求，集(ji)中建設獨(du)立(li)或共(gong)享(xiang)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電站，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)大基地項目(mu)、新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)分布式(shi)項目(mu)配置儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)均宜集(ji)中建設儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電站，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)項目(mu)共(gong)享(xiang)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)容量(liang)、分攤儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)費用。
健全儲能(neng)設(she)(she)(she)施運(yun)行機制。建立“統一調度(du)(du)、共享使用(yong)”的協調運(yun)行機制，對于已經布置在(zai)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)側的儲能(neng)設(she)(she)(she)施，按照相關要求(qiu)進行改造向獨立/共享儲能(neng)發展，最大程度(du)(du)發揮儲能(neng)促進新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)消納、調峰(feng)調頻、功率(lv)支撐(cheng)等多(duo)重作用(yong)。優化儲能(neng)電站并網(wang)運(yun)行控(kong)制策略，提高儲能(neng)利(li)用(yong)效率(lv)。此外(wai)，儲能(neng)系(xi)統運(yun)行應以延長儲能(neng)設(she)(she)(she)施壽命為核心(xin)，在(zai)滿足調度(du)(du)要求(qiu)的條件下，盡量避免設(she)(she)(she)備使用(yong)次數(shu)不均衡、設(she)(she)(she)備頻繁操作和電池系(xi)統長時(shi)間深度(du)(du)充放電。
加(jia)大科技(ji)創新與運維管理，提升儲能安全(quan)水平
加(jia)大技術創新(xin)。改進儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)芯安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)控制(zhi)技術及(ji)(ji)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)結構，完(wan)善儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)并網運行控制(zhi)策略，提升本質安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)水平(ping);加(jia)強安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)預防(fang)(fang)智能(neng)化(hua)建設(she)，搭建數字(zi)化(hua)儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)數據處(chu)理(li)與運維平(ping)臺，減少操控失誤帶來的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問題;強化(hua)針(zhen)對電(dian)(dian)化(hua)學儲能(neng)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)能(neng)力建設(she)，進一步(bu)深化(hua)儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)系(xi)統(tong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)研(yan)究(jiu)、儲能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)火災(zai)演化(hua)機(ji)制(zhi)及(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)控技術研(yan)究(jiu),針(zhen)對火災(zai)防(fang)(fang)控、早(zao)期預警(jing)、事故(gu)處(chu)置(zhi)等方面的(de)(de)重點攻關(guan)，聯(lian)合企、事業多部門研(yan)究(jiu)制(zhi)定(ding)儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)專門的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)產品(pin)和應急方案(an);此外(wai)，建議有關(guan)部門牽頭制(zhi)定(ding)儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)審核驗收(備(bei)案(an))程(cheng)序(xu)及(ji)(ji)要求，解決(jue)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)報批(pi)難題，同時健全(quan)(quan)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產責任制(zhi)，完(wan)善儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)應急預案(an)和消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)聯(lian)動機(ji)制(zhi)。
優化安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)體系(xi)。強化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)消防管(guan)理(li)，制定儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)消防審(shen)核驗收、備案程序;建立(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池選型和(he)(he)(he)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)體系(xi)，新投運(yun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)項目須開(kai)展電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池模塊(kuai)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統到(dao)貨抽檢(jian)(jian)(jian)及儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)并網檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)不符(fu)合(he)(he)要求的(de)(de)不予并網;在(zai)運(yun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)項目應開(kai)展在(zai)線運(yun)行性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)和(he)(he)(he)評價，定期(qi)進行抽檢(jian)(jian)(jian)及監(jian)督(du)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查，不符(fu)合(he)(he)要求的(de)(de)應予以整改，并增加(jia)建立(li)對儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)高/低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穿越、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網適應性(xing)(xing)、充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、過載性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、額定能(neng)(neng)(neng)量等涉網性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)相關測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)要求;加(jia)強運(yun)維(wei)(wei)人員安(an)(an)全(quan)培訓(xun)，持續(xu)優化儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)體系(xi)，明(ming)確各環節安(an)(an)全(quan)責任(ren)主體及安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)職責劃分，完善(shan)基于儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)項目技術升級(ji)和(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)認證和(he)(he)(he)監(jian)督(du)體系(xi)，建設并運(yun)維(wei)(wei)好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)安(an)(an)全(quan)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)信息平臺。
完善技(ji)(ji)術標準(zhun)體(ti)系。結(jie)合(he)新(xin)型儲能技(ji)(ji)術進展和安(an)全需求，動態(tai)更新(xin)電(dian)化(hua)學儲能標準(zhun)體(ti)系，提升儲能標準(zhun)與(yu)科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)、管理(li)創(chuang)新(xin)的耦合(he)力度(du)，在儲能電(dian)站設(she)(she)計(ji)、設(she)(she)備技(ji)(ji)術要(yao)求、施工(gong)(gong)及(ji)驗(yan)收、運行維護、設(she)(she)備檢修、安(an)全及(ji)風險防控等方(fang)面，加(jia)快(kuai)標準(zhun)制(zhi)修訂工(gong)(gong)作，提升電(dian)化(hua)學儲能相關國家標準(zhun)、行業標準(zhun)、團體(ti)標準(zhun)的建設(she)(she)力度(du)，實現(xian)標準(zhun)引領。
完善(shan)市場機制(zhi)，促進儲(chu)能產業(ye)發(fa)展
健全新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站參(can)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市場規則。按照《關(guan)于(yu)進一步推動新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)參(can)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市場和調(diao)(diao)度運用的(de)通知》要求，各地方加快(kuai)完善儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站參(can)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市場相(xiang)關(guan)配套政策及實施細(xi)則，保障新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)更(geng)好地融(rong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市場。包括：取消儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)調(diao)(diao)頻機組調(diao)(diao)節速(su)率值(zhi)上限，推動儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)調(diao)(diao)頻項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)更(geng)快(kuai)發展(zhan);當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)因安(an)全需求調(diao)(diao)度儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)參(can)與(yu)調(diao)(diao)峰，導致(zhi)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價差為負(fu)值(zhi)時，計入現(xian)貨市場補(bu)(bu)償;出臺(tai)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)稅收優(you)惠(hui)與(yu)投(tou)資(zi)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)、技術(shu)研發補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)等多項(xiang)(xiang)專項(xiang)(xiang)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)政策，對項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)范圍、補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)標準(zhun)及具體的(de)操作規則等予以明確;增加新(xin)能(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側配套儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)調(diao)(diao)峰等輔助服務貢獻的(de)獎勵，提升配建儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)積極性;支持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)長期租賃(lin)模式運營并合理規定最短租賃(lin)年限，保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)投(tou)資(zi)回報收益(yi)等。
完(wan)善(shan)新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)參(can)與電(dian)能(neng)(neng)量市(shi)(shi)場、輔助服(fu)務(wu)市(shi)(shi)場等機(ji)(ji)制。目前(qian)儲能(neng)(neng)的盈利(li)主要來源(yuan)于電(dian)能(neng)(neng)量收(shou)益(yi)、輔助服(fu)務(wu)收(shou)益(yi)。在目前(qian)機(ji)(ji)制下，儲能(neng)(neng)受(shou)電(dian)價差低、調用次數不(bu)足、輔助服(fu)務(wu)價格(ge)(ge)低等因素影響，收(shou)益(yi)無法得到有效(xiao)保障;部分地方政(zheng)府雖然(ran)有補貼，但是隨著儲能(neng)(neng)規模(mo)的擴大，補貼難以持續。為此，亟需建(jian)(jian)立(li)保障新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)盈利(li)的長效(xiao)機(ji)(ji)制，完(wan)善(shan)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)量市(shi)(shi)場、輔助服(fu)務(wu)市(shi)(shi)場等機(ji)(ji)制，通過價格(ge)(ge)信號(hao)激勵市(shi)(shi)場主體自發配置儲能(neng)(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)，引導社會資(zi)本參(can)與新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。
出臺(tai)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)容量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)政(zheng)策(ce)。鑒(jian)于新(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)與抽蓄在功能(neng)(neng)(neng)與價(jia)(jia)值的(de)統(tong)一(yi)性(xing)，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)站價(jia)(jia)格機(ji)制首先考慮儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)容量(liang)帶來的(de)系(xi)統(tong)共享和多方獲益(yi)的(de)特點，按(an)照“誰(shui)受(shou)益(yi)、誰(shui)分(fen)擔”的(de)原則承擔相(xiang)應的(de)容量(liang)成本。建議理順各類(lei)靈(ling)活性(xing)電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制，出臺(tai)容量(liang)價(jia)(jia)格政(zheng)策(ce)，盡快完(wan)善新(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)商業模式，促進新(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、靈(ling)活性(xing)煤電(dian)、抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)等各類(lei)靈(ling)活性(xing)資源(yuan)合理競爭(zheng)。
